GLOSSARY of Muslim terms

For Kafirs

Aaron - Harun
Abaya - female robe (Saudi)
Abd - slave (Abd Allah, “Slave of God”)
Abraham - Ibrahim
Abu Bakr - Father of Mohammed’s wife
Adhan - the call to prayer by the muezzin
Aisha - One of Mohammed’s wives
Ali - Alids (followers of Ali) a cousin married to Mohammed’s daughter Fatima
Amir - leader
Angels - Malaika
Ansar - Helper
Bid’a - Heretical, one who strays from sunna
Burka - woman robe with head covering with screen over face (Afghanistan)
Caliph - Khalifa, (successor) Muslim leader
Chador - female robe (Iran)
Christian - Masihi
Circumsion - Khitan, requirement for men
Dar al-harb - “The abode of war,” non-Muslim  countries
Dar al-Islam - “The abode of Islam,” Muslim country
David - Dawud
Demons - Jinn
Dhimma - “Covenant” non-Muslim people to whom are given the right to exist in a Muslim community
Eid - (Id) Festival; the two main festivals are   Id al-Adha, the Feast of the Sacrifice, and       Id al-Fir, Feast of breaking the Fast
Elijah (Elias) - Ilyasin
Ezra - Uzair
Fasting - Sawm, of the five pillars
Father - Abu (in proper names as Abu Bakr)
Fatima - One of  Mohammed’s daughters
Fatwa - A proclamation made by a canon lawyer
Gabriel - Jibril
Goliath - Jalut
Gospels - Injil
Hadith - Hadeeth, narratives of traditions of Mohammed
Halal - Anything permitted as in Jewish kosher
Hajj - Pilgrimage
Haram - Forbidden or sacred place such as Mecca, Medina and the area around the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
Harim - An area of the house for women but restricted to outsiders
Heaven - Janna (Garden), Paradise
Hell - Jahannam (Heb. Gehenna)
Hegira - Hijra, Emigration of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina in 622 marking beginning of Islamic era.  Dates are designated Anno Hegira, A.H.
Hijab - woman head scarf
Ibn - son
Iftar - the evening meal breaking the fast during Ramadan
Ijma - Agreement, consensus of leading elders
Imam -  Religious leader
Isaac - Ishaq
Ishmael - Ismail
Islam - “Submission” to Allah
Jacob - Ya’qub
Jihad - Holy war or struggle
Jinn - akin to Biblical demons (English genie)
Job - Ayyub
John - Yaya
Jonah - Yunus
Jesus - Isa
Ka’ba - “cube” in Arabic
Kafir (Kuffar plural) derogatory term for apostate or unbelieving infidel
Kaffiyehs - men’s head covering
Khadija - Mohammed’s first wife
Lot - Lut
Madrasa - Muslim school
Mahdi - Messianic figure who is expected to come to lead the world
Mamluk - “owned” young slaves drafted into military service who later grew to        positions of power
Mary - Maryam
Masjid - Temple
Mecca - Makkah, birth place of Mohammed
Medina - Madina, (Al Madina - the city) the burial place of Mohammed
Messiah - Masih
Michael - Mikail
Minaret - Tower used for call to prayer
Minbar - Pulpit in mosque
Moses - Musa
Muezzin - One who calls Muslims to prayer
Mufti - High canon lawyer
Murtadd - apostate
Muslim – Moslem
Niqab - woman head covering revealing only the eyes
Nabi - Prophet
Prayer - Salat
Psalms - Zabur
Qibla - Kibla, direction of prayer toward Mecca
Quran - also spelled Koran, Coran, Alkoran
Ramadan - Ninth month of Muslim lunar calendar, month of fasting
Salah - Ritual prayer
Satan - Shaitan (singular) Shayatiyn (plural)
Shahada - Testimony, “There is no god but Allah; Mohammed is the messanger of Allah.”
Shahid - Martyr (same root as Shahada)
Shaikh - Elder
Shari’a - “The Path,” Islamic law
Shia - “Party” of Ali, Shi’i or Shi’ite
Shirk - polytheism
Sira - The text consisting Muhammad's life
Slave - Abd (Abd Allah, “Slave of God”)
Solomon - Sulaiman
Son - Ibn
Soul - Ruh
Sunna - Sunni, “Tradition” orthodox text of  Quran, Hadith and Sira,  Sunnite
Taqiyah - Muslim cap for men
Taqiyya - doctrine of deception, to conceal ones beliefs
Torah - Taurat
Ulama - Learned religious leaders
Umra - Pilgrimage to Mecca other than annual Hajj
Uthman - The third Caliphate of Islam
Zaidi - Shi’ite sect from Yemen
Zakat - Alms-tax, one of the five pillars
Zamzam - Sacred well at the mosque in Mecca where pilgrims drink
Ziyara - a visit or pilgrimage to tombs of holy men etc.